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Questions are grounded in source passages and may include normalized answers, reasoning, and supporting evidence spans for traceable responses. It supports focused SAT tutoring, reading comprehension practice, and model evaluation.\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-14 18:07:39","2026-10-19 17:18:41","0.00",0,5000,"SAT QA dataset,SAT reading practice,rhetorical purpose analysis,passage organization QA,logical transitions,text evidence reasoning,SAT writing preparation,educational QA training","Text-grounded SAT reading and writing QA on rhetoric and passage organization, with normalized answers, reasoning, and evidence for focused training and model-e","JSON","0.5GB","SAT reading comprehension, rhetorical analysis, text cohesion assessment","question answering, text classification, logical reasoning","V1.0","rivo\u002Fsample-packages\u002Fe96e1d0e-566f-4a13-8bd0-97c5fc4901d0\u002F20261014.zip",[583,588,593,599,604,610,615,620,625],{"id":572,"name":584,"field":585,"intro":586,"type":587},"File Name","file_name","File name","string",{"id":589,"name":590,"field":591,"intro":592,"type":587},8812,"Question Type","question_type","SAT rhetorical analysis or text organization question type inferred from the question's intent.",{"id":594,"name":595,"field":596,"intro":597,"type":598},8813,"Text Evidence Spans","evidence_spans","Source text excerpts that support the answer and reasoning, with notes on their function.","array",{"id":600,"name":601,"field":602,"intro":603,"type":587},8814,"Answer Rationale","answer_rationale","Explanation of how the answer follows from textual evidence, including relevant rhetorical or cohesive functions.",{"id":605,"name":606,"field":607,"intro":608,"type":609},8815,"Logical Relation","logical_relation","Summary of logical relationships between sentences or paragraphs and the transitions that signal them.","object",{"id":611,"name":612,"field":613,"intro":614,"type":598},8816,"Rhetorical and Organizational Focus","rhetorical_focus","Rhetorical strategies, information organization, or reading skills identified from the source text and question.",{"id":616,"name":617,"field":618,"intro":619,"type":609},8817,"Source Q&A Record","source_qa_record","Original passage excerpts, questions, reference answers, and source information from SAT preparation webpages or curated files.",{"id":621,"name":622,"field":623,"intro":624,"type":587},8818,"Normalized Answer","normalized_answer","A concise, complete answer edited to preserve the original meaning and support model training and evaluation.",{"id":626,"name":627,"field":628,"intro":629,"type":609},8819,"Document Structure Analysis","document_structure","Analysis of how the passage or relevant paragraphs are organized, how information develops, and what structural functions the parts serve.",[631,635,639,643],{"id":632,"question":633,"answer":634},6299,"What SAT topics does the dataset cover?","It covers central ideas, rhetorical purpose, information synthesis, logical relationships and transitions, and passage organization. The samples focus on answering questions based on text.",{"id":636,"question":637,"answer":638},6300,"What evidence and answer materials are included?","Records may include source Q&A material, normalized answers, answer rationales, and supporting evidence spans. They can also capture question types, rhetorical focus, logical relations, and document structure to make responses easier to inspect.",{"id":640,"question":641,"answer":642},6301,"What tasks is the dataset suited for?","It is suitable for closed-domain SAT question answering, reading comprehension practice, text-evidence reasoning, educational QA development, and related model evaluation. Check the product documentation for the available formats and contents.",{"id":644,"question":645,"answer":646},6302,"How can I access the data, and what are the licensing terms?","Access methods and permitted uses depend on the product listing or delivery agreement. Before using the data for teaching, research, or commercial work, review the applicable license and any restrictions on source webpage content.",[648,664,677],{"id":649,"relate_table":650,"relate_id":651,"file_size":572,"file_name":652,"path":8,"duration":572,"cate":483,"file_format":653,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":654,"cate_name":655,"question_type":656,"evidence_spans":657,"answer_rationale":658,"logical_relation":659,"rhetorical_focus":660,"source_qa_record":661,"normalized_answer":662,"document_structure":663},15036,"union_cubo",1155312326,"样例_3.json","json","{\"question_type\": \"Information Synthesis\", \"evidence_spans\": \"[{\\\"quote\\\": \\\"The number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Provides comprehensive information\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Second sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Reflects the logical relation\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Third sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"Simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Supports the central idea\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Fourth sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"This result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Eliminates distractors\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Last sentence\\\"}]\", \"answer_rationale\": \"The first school's email notification could maintain registration numbers, but it mainly reached existing volunteers; after the second school added on-site consultation, the proportion of new participants was higher, suggesting that interactive support may lower the barrier to first-time participation. The text then uses 'however' to point out that the consultation table requires additional manpower. Therefore, the synthesized conclusion should both summarize its potential effect and retain the cost and applicability limits.\", \"logical_relation\": \"{\\\"relation_type\\\": \\\"Comparison\\\", \\\"connective_words\\\": [\\\"The first school\\\", \\\"but\\\", \\\"The second school\\\", \\\"in addition to... also\\\", \\\"however\\\", \\\"because\\\"], \\\"relation_explanation\\\": \\\"The text first introduces the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then compares them and points out that on-site consultation may bring more new participants. At the end of the paragraph, 'however' limits the scope of this conclusion, and 'because' explains that the limitation comes from the additional labor cost.\\\"}\", \"rhetorical_focus\": \"[\\\"Cross-case information synthesis\\\", \\\"Comparing two notification methods\\\", \\\"Distinguishing relevant conditions from general conclusions\\\", \\\"Identifying the scope limits of the conclusion\\\"]\", \"source_qa_record\": \"{\\\"source_text\\\": \\\"Researchers compared the effects of two campus notification methods on students' participation in volunteer activities. The first school published activity information centrally in a weekly email; the number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers. The second school, in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher. The comparison of the two schools shows that simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important. However, this result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower.\\\", \\\"question\\\": \\\"According to the text, which conclusion most accurately synthesizes the information from the two schools?\\\", \\\"reference_answer\\\": \\\"Expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only publishing more information but also reducing the cost for new participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; on-site consultation may be effective, but whether to adopt it also depends on the additional manpower input.\\\", \\\"source_title\\\": \\\"SAT Information Synthesis and Comparison Structure Practice Materials\\\"}\", \"normalized_answer\": \"The comparison of the two schools shows that expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only providing information but also reducing the cost for first-time participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; although on-site consultation may be effective, the additional manpower investment must be weighed.\", \"document_structure\": \"{\\\"organization_type\\\": \\\"Comparison\\\", \\\"progression_description\\\": \\\"The text first presents the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then extracts from the comparison the importance of reducing the cost of asking questions, and finally adds the limitation that on-site consultation is not unconditionally applicable.\\\", \\\"structure_segments\\\": [{\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Comparison object one\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Introduces the school that published information only through weekly emails and the composition of its participants.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Comparison object two\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Introduces the school that added on-site consultation beyond emails and its effect on new participation.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Synthesized conclusion\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Draws from the differences between the two schools the role of interactive support in expanding participation.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Applicability limitation\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Explains that adopting on-site consultation also requires considering the additional labor cost.\\\"}]}\"}","文本","Information Synthesis","[{\"quote\": \"The number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers\", \"evidence_role\": \"Provides comprehensive information\", \"source_location\": \"Second sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher\", \"evidence_role\": \"Reflects the logical relation\", \"source_location\": \"Third sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"Simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important\", \"evidence_role\": \"Supports the central idea\", \"source_location\": \"Fourth sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"This result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower\", \"evidence_role\": \"Eliminates distractors\", \"source_location\": \"Last sentence\"}]","The first school's email notification could maintain registration numbers, but it mainly reached existing volunteers; after the second school added on-site consultation, the proportion of new participants was higher, suggesting that interactive support may lower the barrier to first-time participation. The text then uses 'however' to point out that the consultation table requires additional manpower. Therefore, the synthesized conclusion should both summarize its potential effect and retain the cost and applicability limits.","{\"relation_type\": \"Comparison\", \"connective_words\": [\"The first school\", \"but\", \"The second school\", \"in addition to... also\", \"however\", \"because\"], \"relation_explanation\": \"The text first introduces the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then compares them and points out that on-site consultation may bring more new participants. At the end of the paragraph, 'however' limits the scope of this conclusion, and 'because' explains that the limitation comes from the additional labor cost.\"}","[\"Cross-case information synthesis\", \"Comparing two notification methods\", \"Distinguishing relevant conditions from general conclusions\", \"Identifying the scope limits of the conclusion\"]","{\"source_text\": \"Researchers compared the effects of two campus notification methods on students' participation in volunteer activities. The first school published activity information centrally in a weekly email; the number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers. The second school, in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher. The comparison of the two schools shows that simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important. However, this result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower.\", \"question\": \"According to the text, which conclusion most accurately synthesizes the information from the two schools?\", \"reference_answer\": \"Expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only publishing more information but also reducing the cost for new participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; on-site consultation may be effective, but whether to adopt it also depends on the additional manpower input.\", \"source_title\": \"SAT Information Synthesis and Comparison Structure Practice Materials\"}","The comparison of the two schools shows that expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only providing information but also reducing the cost for first-time participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; although on-site consultation may be effective, the additional manpower investment must be weighed.","{\"organization_type\": \"Comparison\", \"progression_description\": \"The text first presents the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then extracts from the comparison the importance of reducing the cost of asking questions, and finally adds the limitation that on-site consultation is not unconditionally applicable.\", \"structure_segments\": [{\"segment_label\": \"Comparison object one\", \"segment_function\": \"Introduces the school that published information only through weekly emails and the composition of its participants.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Comparison object two\", \"segment_function\": \"Introduces the school that added on-site consultation beyond emails and its effect on new participation.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Synthesized conclusion\", \"segment_function\": \"Draws from the differences between the two schools the role of interactive support in expanding participation.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Applicability limitation\", \"segment_function\": \"Explains that adopting on-site consultation also requires considering the additional labor cost.\"}]}",{"id":665,"relate_table":650,"relate_id":666,"file_size":572,"file_name":667,"path":8,"duration":572,"cate":483,"file_format":653,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":668,"cate_name":655,"question_type":669,"evidence_spans":670,"answer_rationale":671,"logical_relation":672,"rhetorical_focus":673,"source_qa_record":674,"normalized_answer":675,"document_structure":676},15035,1062551472,"样例_2.json","{\"question_type\": \"Rhetorical Purpose\", \"evidence_spans\": \"[{\\\"quote\\\": \\\"This practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Explains the rhetorical purpose\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Second sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"However, if the explanatory text serves only readers familiar with the field, other visitors will find it difficult to understand why the exhibit matters\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Reflects the logical relation\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Third sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"first summarize the core information in plain language, then add necessary specialized vocabulary\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Shows passage organization\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Fourth sentence\\\"}]\", \"answer_rationale\": \"The quoted sentence first acknowledges that specialized terminology can avoid oversimplification, showing that the author does not advocate completely abandoning expertise. The following 'however' turns to explain the comprehension barriers facing ordinary visitors, and then 'to this end' introduces the approach of combining plain language with specialized vocabulary. Therefore, the main rhetorical function of this sentence is to make the argument fairer and to connect the problem analysis with the solution.\", \"logical_relation\": \"{\\\"relation_type\\\": \\\"Contrast\\\", \\\"connective_words\\\": [\\\"However\\\", \\\"To this end\\\", \\\"As a result\\\"], \\\"relation_explanation\\\": \\\"The author first explains that specialized terminology can avoid oversimplification, then uses 'however' to point out the comprehension barriers this practice creates for non-specialist visitors, then uses 'to this end' to introduce improvement measures, and uses 'as a result' to explain the improvement's effect. The contrast relation helps the author acknowledge the advantage while proposing limitations and a claim.\\\"}\", \"rhetorical_focus\": \"[\\\"Acknowledging the reasonableness of the opposing view\\\", \\\"Advancing through contrast\\\", \\\"Avoiding absolute argumentation\\\", \\\"Proposing a solution that balances accuracy and comprehensibility\\\"]\", \"source_qa_record\": \"{\\\"source_text\\\": \\\"Many museums used to write exhibit labels as piles of expert terminology, assuming that visitors were willing to actively look up background knowledge. This practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification. However, if the explanatory text serves only readers familiar with the field, other visitors will find it difficult to understand why the exhibit matters. To address this, some museums first summarize the core information in plain language, then add necessary specialized vocabulary. As a result, the labels both preserve accuracy and lower the barrier to understanding.\\\", \\\"question\\\": \\\"What is the author's main purpose in writing 'this practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification'?\\\", \\\"reference_answer\\\": \\\"The author acknowledges that using specialized terminology has a reasonable justification of maintaining accuracy, thereby avoiding one-sided criticism of this practice; then uses 'however' to introduce its limitations, paving the way for proposing an improvement that balances accessibility and expertise.\\\", \\\"source_title\\\": \\\"SAT Rhetorical Purpose and Contrast Practice Materials\\\"}\", \"normalized_answer\": \"This sentence acknowledges that specialized terminology helps maintain accuracy, so as to avoid one-sided rejection of the original practice; at the same time, it paves the way for the following contrast, which points out comprehensibility problems and proposes an improvement plan.\", \"document_structure\": \"{\\\"organization_type\\\": \\\"Problem-solution\\\", \\\"progression_description\\\": \\\"The text first describes the common practice of terminology-heavy explanations and its reasonableness, then transitions to point out the resulting comprehension barriers, then proposes a layered expression solution, and finally summarizes that this approach balances accuracy and comprehensibility.\\\", \\\"structure_segments\\\": [{\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Background and original practice\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Explains that museum labels used to emphasize expert terminology and states the default audience.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Reasonableness and limitations\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Acknowledges that specialized terminology helps express things accurately while pointing out that it may exclude non-specialist visitors.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Improvement plan and effect\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Proposes the practice of first summarizing in plain language and then adding terminology, and explains that this practice lowers the barrier to understanding.\\\"}]}\"}","Rhetorical Purpose","[{\"quote\": \"This practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification\", \"evidence_role\": \"Explains the rhetorical purpose\", \"source_location\": \"Second sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"However, if the explanatory text serves only readers familiar with the field, other visitors will find it difficult to understand why the exhibit matters\", \"evidence_role\": \"Reflects the logical relation\", \"source_location\": \"Third sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"first summarize the core information in plain language, then add necessary specialized vocabulary\", \"evidence_role\": \"Shows passage organization\", \"source_location\": \"Fourth sentence\"}]","The quoted sentence first acknowledges that specialized terminology can avoid oversimplification, showing that the author does not advocate completely abandoning expertise. The following 'however' turns to explain the comprehension barriers facing ordinary visitors, and then 'to this end' introduces the approach of combining plain language with specialized vocabulary. Therefore, the main rhetorical function of this sentence is to make the argument fairer and to connect the problem analysis with the solution.","{\"relation_type\": \"Contrast\", \"connective_words\": [\"However\", \"To this end\", \"As a result\"], \"relation_explanation\": \"The author first explains that specialized terminology can avoid oversimplification, then uses 'however' to point out the comprehension barriers this practice creates for non-specialist visitors, then uses 'to this end' to introduce improvement measures, and uses 'as a result' to explain the improvement's effect. The contrast relation helps the author acknowledge the advantage while proposing limitations and a claim.\"}","[\"Acknowledging the reasonableness of the opposing view\", \"Advancing through contrast\", \"Avoiding absolute argumentation\", \"Proposing a solution that balances accuracy and comprehensibility\"]","{\"source_text\": \"Many museums used to write exhibit labels as piles of expert terminology, assuming that visitors were willing to actively look up background knowledge. This practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification. However, if the explanatory text serves only readers familiar with the field, other visitors will find it difficult to understand why the exhibit matters. To address this, some museums first summarize the core information in plain language, then add necessary specialized vocabulary. As a result, the labels both preserve accuracy and lower the barrier to understanding.\", \"question\": \"What is the author's main purpose in writing 'this practice was not without basis: precise terminology can avoid oversimplification'?\", \"reference_answer\": \"The author acknowledges that using specialized terminology has a reasonable justification of maintaining accuracy, thereby avoiding one-sided criticism of this practice; then uses 'however' to introduce its limitations, paving the way for proposing an improvement that balances accessibility and expertise.\", \"source_title\": \"SAT Rhetorical Purpose and Contrast Practice Materials\"}","This sentence acknowledges that specialized terminology helps maintain accuracy, so as to avoid one-sided rejection of the original practice; at the same time, it paves the way for the following contrast, which points out comprehensibility problems and proposes an improvement plan.","{\"organization_type\": \"Problem-solution\", \"progression_description\": \"The text first describes the common practice of terminology-heavy explanations and its reasonableness, then transitions to point out the resulting comprehension barriers, then proposes a layered expression solution, and finally summarizes that this approach balances accuracy and comprehensibility.\", \"structure_segments\": [{\"segment_label\": \"Background and original practice\", \"segment_function\": \"Explains that museum labels used to emphasize expert terminology and states the default audience.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Reasonableness and limitations\", \"segment_function\": \"Acknowledges that specialized terminology helps express things accurately while pointing out that it may exclude non-specialist visitors.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Improvement plan and effect\", \"segment_function\": \"Proposes the practice of first summarizing in plain language and then adding terminology, and explains that this practice lowers the barrier to understanding.\"}]}",{"id":678,"relate_table":650,"relate_id":679,"file_size":572,"file_name":680,"path":8,"duration":572,"cate":483,"file_format":653,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":681,"cate_name":655,"question_type":682,"evidence_spans":683,"answer_rationale":684,"logical_relation":685,"rhetorical_focus":686,"source_qa_record":687,"normalized_answer":688,"document_structure":689},15034,388338025,"样例_1.json","{\"question_type\": \"Central Idea\", \"evidence_spans\": \"[{\\\"quote\\\": \\\"Their role goes far beyond beautifying the environment\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Supports the central idea\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Second half of the first sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"Tree canopies can block sunlight in summer and reduce the heat absorbed by paved surfaces; tree roots can also help rainwater infiltrate the soil and alleviate short-term ponding\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Provides comprehensive information\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Second sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"Therefore, urban planners should not treat tree planting merely as a landscaping project, but should view it as an infrastructure investment that enhances urban livability\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Supports the central idea\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Last sentence of the paragraph\\\"}]\", \"answer_rationale\": \"The first sentence states that the role of trees is not limited to beautification; the second sentence explains their environmental benefits in detail; the third sentence further supplements their impact on residents' activities and community public spaces. The last sentence concludes with 'therefore' and summarizes these specific functions as urban infrastructure value. Thus, the central idea should cover the multiple functions of trees and their planning significance, rather than summarizing only one of them.\", \"logical_relation\": \"{\\\"relation_type\\\": \\\"Progression\\\", \\\"connective_words\\\": [\\\"but\\\", \\\"also\\\", \\\"more importantly\\\", \\\"therefore\\\"], \\\"relation_explanation\\\": \\\"The text first rejects the one-sided view that trees are used only to beautify the environment, then lists functions such as shading, rainwater infiltration, and encouraging walking in sequence, and uses 'more importantly' to highlight the social function; finally, 'therefore' introduces the overall conclusion. The connectives move the information from general functions to more important public value in a progressive way.\\\"}\", \"rhetorical_focus\": \"[\\\"Central idea summary\\\", \\\"Listing the multiple functions of trees\\\", \\\"Supporting the overall claim through specific functions\\\", \\\"Deriving policy conclusions from specific facts\\\"]\", \"source_qa_record\": \"{\\\"source_text\\\": \\\"Urban trees are often regarded as decorations that improve the streetscape, but their role goes far beyond beautifying the environment. Tree canopies can block sunlight in summer and reduce the heat absorbed by paved surfaces; tree roots can also help rainwater infiltrate the soil and alleviate short-term ponding. More importantly, continuous shade encourages residents to walk, thereby increasing contact between people and community public spaces. Therefore, urban planners should not treat tree planting merely as a landscaping project, but should view it as an infrastructure investment that enhances urban livability.\\\", \\\"question\\\": \\\"What is the central idea of this passage?\\\", \\\"reference_answer\\\": \\\"Urban trees not only have an aesthetic function but can also alleviate heat and ponding problems and encourage residents to use public spaces; therefore, they should be regarded as infrastructure that enhances urban livability, not merely as landscape decoration.\\\", \\\"source_title\\\": \\\"SAT Reading Central Idea and Passage Structure Practice Materials\\\"}\", \"normalized_answer\": \"The passage argues that the value of urban trees exceeds landscape beautification; they can also alleviate urban heat and ponding and encourage residents to walk. Therefore, tree planting should be included in infrastructure planning that enhances urban livability.\", \"document_structure\": \"{\\\"organization_type\\\": \\\"General-specific-general\\\", \\\"progression_description\\\": \\\"The opening presents the overall claim that the value of trees exceeds landscape decoration; the middle explains their functions of cooling, drainage, and encouraging walking respectively; the ending summarizes these pieces of evidence into the conclusion that tree planting should be regarded as infrastructure investment.\\\", \\\"structure_segments\\\": [{\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Overall claim\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Points out that the role of urban trees is not limited to beautifying the environment.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Function development\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Lists specific functions such as canopy shading, roots helping drainage, and shade encouraging walking.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Conclusion elevation\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Elevates the aforementioned functions into a recommendation that urban planning should value the infrastructure value of tree planting.\\\"}]}\"}","Central Idea","[{\"quote\": \"Their role goes far beyond beautifying the environment\", \"evidence_role\": \"Supports the central idea\", \"source_location\": \"Second half of the first sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"Tree canopies can block sunlight in summer and reduce the heat absorbed by paved surfaces; tree roots can also help rainwater infiltrate the soil and alleviate short-term ponding\", \"evidence_role\": \"Provides comprehensive information\", \"source_location\": \"Second sentence\"}, {\"quote\": \"Therefore, urban planners should not treat tree planting merely as a landscaping project, but should view it as an infrastructure investment that enhances urban livability\", \"evidence_role\": \"Supports the central idea\", \"source_location\": \"Last sentence of the paragraph\"}]","The first sentence states that the role of trees is not limited to beautification; the second sentence explains their environmental benefits in detail; the third sentence further supplements their impact on residents' activities and community public spaces. The last sentence concludes with 'therefore' and summarizes these specific functions as urban infrastructure value. Thus, the central idea should cover the multiple functions of trees and their planning significance, rather than summarizing only one of them.","{\"relation_type\": \"Progression\", \"connective_words\": [\"but\", \"also\", \"more importantly\", \"therefore\"], \"relation_explanation\": \"The text first rejects the one-sided view that trees are used only to beautify the environment, then lists functions such as shading, rainwater infiltration, and encouraging walking in sequence, and uses 'more importantly' to highlight the social function; finally, 'therefore' introduces the overall conclusion. The connectives move the information from general functions to more important public value in a progressive way.\"}","[\"Central idea summary\", \"Listing the multiple functions of trees\", \"Supporting the overall claim through specific functions\", \"Deriving policy conclusions from specific facts\"]","{\"source_text\": \"Urban trees are often regarded as decorations that improve the streetscape, but their role goes far beyond beautifying the environment. Tree canopies can block sunlight in summer and reduce the heat absorbed by paved surfaces; tree roots can also help rainwater infiltrate the soil and alleviate short-term ponding. More importantly, continuous shade encourages residents to walk, thereby increasing contact between people and community public spaces. Therefore, urban planners should not treat tree planting merely as a landscaping project, but should view it as an infrastructure investment that enhances urban livability.\", \"question\": \"What is the central idea of this passage?\", \"reference_answer\": \"Urban trees not only have an aesthetic function but can also alleviate heat and ponding problems and encourage residents to use public spaces; therefore, they should be regarded as infrastructure that enhances urban livability, not merely as landscape decoration.\", \"source_title\": \"SAT Reading Central Idea and Passage Structure Practice Materials\"}","The passage argues that the value of urban trees exceeds landscape beautification; they can also alleviate urban heat and ponding and encourage residents to walk. Therefore, tree planting should be included in infrastructure planning that enhances urban livability.","{\"organization_type\": \"General-specific-general\", \"progression_description\": \"The opening presents the overall claim that the value of trees exceeds landscape decoration; the middle explains their functions of cooling, drainage, and encouraging walking respectively; the ending summarizes these pieces of evidence into the conclusion that tree planting should be regarded as infrastructure investment.\", \"structure_segments\": [{\"segment_label\": \"Overall claim\", \"segment_function\": \"Points out that the role of urban trees is not limited to beautifying the environment.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Function development\", \"segment_function\": \"Lists specific functions such as canopy shading, roots helping drainage, and shade encouraging walking.\"}, {\"segment_label\": \"Conclusion elevation\", \"segment_function\": \"Elevates the aforementioned functions into a recommendation that urban planning should value the infrastructure value of tree planting.\"}]}","{\"question_type\":\"Information Synthesis\",\"evidence_spans\":\"[{\\\"quote\\\": \\\"The number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Provides comprehensive information\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Second sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Reflects the logical relation\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Third sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"Simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Supports the central idea\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Fourth sentence\\\"}, {\\\"quote\\\": \\\"This result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower\\\", \\\"evidence_role\\\": \\\"Eliminates distractors\\\", \\\"source_location\\\": \\\"Last sentence\\\"}]\",\"answer_rationale\":\"The first school's email notification could maintain registration numbers, but it mainly reached existing volunteers; after the second school added on-site consultation, the proportion of new participants was higher, suggesting that interactive support may lower the barrier to first-time participation. The text then uses 'however' to point out that the consultation table requires additional manpower. Therefore, the synthesized conclusion should both summarize its potential effect and retain the cost and applicability limits.\",\"logical_relation\":\"{\\\"relation_type\\\": \\\"Comparison\\\", \\\"connective_words\\\": [\\\"The first school\\\", \\\"but\\\", \\\"The second school\\\", \\\"in addition to... also\\\", \\\"however\\\", \\\"because\\\"], \\\"relation_explanation\\\": \\\"The text first introduces the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then compares them and points out that on-site consultation may bring more new participants. At the end of the paragraph, 'however' limits the scope of this conclusion, and 'because' explains that the limitation comes from the additional labor cost.\\\"}\",\"rhetorical_focus\":\"[\\\"Cross-case information synthesis\\\", \\\"Comparing two notification methods\\\", \\\"Distinguishing relevant conditions from general conclusions\\\", \\\"Identifying the scope limits of the conclusion\\\"]\",\"source_qa_record\":\"{\\\"source_text\\\": \\\"Researchers compared the effects of two campus notification methods on students' participation in volunteer activities. The first school published activity information centrally in a weekly email; the number of registrations was stable, but participants mainly came from existing volunteers. The second school, in addition to sending emails, also set up an on-site consultation table during lunch; the proportion of new participants at that school was significantly higher. The comparison of the two schools shows that simply increasing the amount of information may not expand participation; reducing the cost for first-time participants to ask questions is equally important. However, this result does not mean that on-site consultation is suitable for all activities, because setting up a consultation table also requires additional manpower.\\\", \\\"question\\\": \\\"According to the text, which conclusion most accurately synthesizes the information from the two schools?\\\", \\\"reference_answer\\\": \\\"Expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only publishing more information but also reducing the cost for new participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; on-site consultation may be effective, but whether to adopt it also depends on the additional manpower input.\\\", \\\"source_title\\\": \\\"SAT Information Synthesis and Comparison Structure Practice Materials\\\"}\",\"normalized_answer\":\"The comparison of the two schools shows that expanding participation in volunteer activities requires not only providing information but also reducing the cost for first-time participants to obtain explanations and ask questions; although on-site consultation may be effective, the additional manpower investment must be weighed.\",\"document_structure\":\"{\\\"organization_type\\\": \\\"Comparison\\\", \\\"progression_description\\\": \\\"The text first presents the notification methods and participation results of the two schools separately, then extracts from the comparison the importance of reducing the cost of asking questions, and finally adds the limitation that on-site consultation is not unconditionally applicable.\\\", \\\"structure_segments\\\": [{\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Comparison object one\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Introduces the school that published information only through weekly emails and the composition of its participants.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Comparison object two\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Introduces the school that added on-site consultation beyond emails and its effect on new participation.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Synthesized conclusion\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Draws from the differences between the two schools the role of interactive support in expanding participation.\\\"}, {\\\"segment_label\\\": \\\"Applicability limitation\\\", \\\"segment_function\\\": \\\"Explains that adopting on-site consultation also requires considering the additional labor cost.\\\"}]}\"}","MOBIUSI INC","https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.mobiusi.com\u002Fmobiwusi\u002F20250829\u002F7bf4ac62b4533e2b809998a6f1c5491e.png?Expires=1792463130&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5tH8MQqhgeiAtrzCHrxM&Signature=v6Tr8jBrdm4s5wU1SnnyGsYg%2Bhw%3D&x-oss-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_fill%2Cw_35%2Ch_35",[694,700],{"type":695,"title":696,"count_data":697},"bar","Length distribution",[698],{"name":699,"value":483},"1k lower",{"type":701,"title":702,"count_data":703},"pie","Language distribution",[704],{"name":705,"value":483},"English"]