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scenarios about coastal measures such as levees, tidal gates, and natural shoreline protection. It compares settings with or without protection, or with changes to measure status or design conditions, and examines potential inundation and residual risk in each case. Records cover baseline and counterfactual scenarios, risk changes, and explanations of protective effects, supporting counterfactual reasoning training, evaluation, and research for sea-level rise risk management. The text-based scenarios are not a substitute for site-specific engineering assessments or flood forecasts.\u003C\u002Fp>","2026-10-09 19:04:48","2026-10-19 17:18:40","0.00",33,0,5000,"coastal protection dataset, counterfactual reasoning, sea level rise risk, inundation risk analysis, levee risk, tidal gates, natural shoreline protection, risk management QA","A coastal protection counterfactual QA dataset for sea-level rise risk management, comparing inundation risk, residual risk, and protective effects across per","JSON","0.2GB","coastal flood risk assessment, coastal protection planning, inundation impact analysis","counterfactual reasoning, scenario comparison, residual risk assessment","V1.0",[583,588,593,598,603,608,613,618,623,628],{"id":573,"name":584,"field":585,"intro":586,"type":587},"File Name","file_name","File name","string",{"id":589,"name":590,"field":591,"intro":592,"type":587},7870,"Explanatory Answer","answer","Provides an integrated counterfactual reasoning answer to the question.",{"id":594,"name":595,"field":596,"intro":597,"type":587},7871,"Question","question","Asks for a counterfactual comparison or risk analysis across the two scenarios.",{"id":599,"name":600,"field":601,"intro":602,"type":587},7872,"Risk Change","risk_change","Summarizes the direction and main differences in inundation risk between the two scenarios.",{"id":604,"name":605,"field":606,"intro":607,"type":587},7873,"Residual Risk","residual_risk","Explains the inundation risk that remains after a protection measure is implemented or its status changes.",{"id":609,"name":610,"field":611,"intro":612,"type":587},7874,"Baseline Scenario","baseline_scenario","Describes the coastal conditions, protection measures, and their status in the baseline scenario.",{"id":614,"name":615,"field":616,"intro":617,"type":587},7875,"Explanation of Protective Effects","causal_explanation","Explains how the protection measure affects inundation risk and notes relevant conditions or limitations.",{"id":619,"name":620,"field":621,"intro":622,"type":587},7876,"Counterfactual Scenario","counterfactual_scenario","Describes changes to protection status, design conditions, or other relevant factors relative to the baseline scenario.",{"id":624,"name":625,"field":626,"intro":627,"type":587},7877,"Baseline Inundation Risk","baseline_inundation_risk","Analyzes the level or characteristics of potential inundation risk in the baseline scenario.",{"id":629,"name":630,"field":631,"intro":632,"type":587},7878,"Counterfactual Inundation Risk","counterfactual_inundation_risk","Analyzes the level or characteristics of potential inundation risk in the counterfactual scenario.",[634,638,642,646],{"id":635,"question":636,"answer":637},5784,"What coastal protection scenarios are included?","The content focuses on measures such as levees, tidal gates, and natural shoreline protection. Scenarios compare conditions without protection, changes in measure status, or variations in design conditions, with each pair examining differences in inundation risk.",{"id":639,"question":640,"answer":641},5785,"What information does each record contain?","Fields cover the baseline and counterfactual scenarios, a comparison question, inundation risk in each scenario, residual risk, risk change, an explanation of protective effects, and a consolidated answer. This structure supports organized training and analysis.",{"id":643,"question":644,"answer":645},5786,"Can this dataset predict flooding at a specific location?","It is intended to train or evaluate text-based reasoning about how protection measures relate to changes in risk; its scenario answers are not location-calibrated forecasts. Real-world planning should use local terrain, engineering designs, tide and sea-level data, and expert assessment.",{"id":647,"question":648,"answer":649},5787,"How can I access the dataset, and what are the licensing terms?","Check the provider's dataset or product page for access methods, file specifications, and license terms. Before use, review the permitted scope, attribution requirements, and any limits on commercial use; this description does not imply a specific license.",[651,666,679],{"id":652,"relate_table":653,"relate_id":654,"file_size":573,"file_name":8,"path":8,"duration":573,"cate":483,"file_format":8,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":655,"cate_name":656,"answer":657,"question":658,"risk_change":659,"residual_risk":660,"baseline_scenario":661,"causal_explanation":662,"counterfactual_scenario":663,"baseline_inundation_risk":664,"counterfactual_inundation_risk":665},14654,"union_cubo",767603658,"{\"answer\": \"The degraded shoreline is more exposed to overwash and inland flooding because it provides less space to attenuate waves and a less continuous barrier to surge. An intact marsh and dune reduce these pathways, but residual risk remains during severe events and where erosion, overtopping, or breaching occurs.\", \"question\": \"How would the loss of marsh width and dune continuity affect inundation risk, and what risk remains with the natural features intact?\", \"risk_change\": \"Reducing the marsh and breaking up the dune increases inundation risk by weakening natural wave attenuation and removing parts of the shoreline barrier.\", \"residual_risk\": \"Even with the marsh and dune intact, sufficiently high water, wave run-up, erosion, or breaching can carry water inland. Their protective effect can also vary with condition and storm intensity.\", \"baseline_scenario\": \"A settled coastal reach is fronted by a broad vegetated marsh and a continuous low dune ridge. During a storm, the marsh and dune remain in place, and the surge and tide conditions are held constant.\", \"causal_explanation\": \"Vegetated marsh can dissipate wave energy, while a dune ridge can impede overland flow. Narrowing the marsh and lowering or fragmenting the dune reduces these functions; neither feature guarantees protection under all storm conditions.\", \"counterfactual_scenario\": \"Under the same storm and tide conditions, the marsh has been substantially narrowed and the dune ridge lowered and fragmented, leaving less natural shoreline protection.\", \"baseline_inundation_risk\": \"The intact marsh and dune can reduce wave energy and slow or limit some overland flow, lowering the likelihood or extent of inland inundation compared with a less protective shoreline.\", \"counterfactual_inundation_risk\": \"With less marsh and a lower, fragmented dune, waves and surge have less natural attenuation and more direct pathways inland, increasing the potential for overwash and flooding.\"}","文本","The degraded shoreline is more exposed to overwash and inland flooding because it provides less space to attenuate waves and a less continuous barrier to surge. An intact marsh and dune reduce these pathways, but residual risk remains during severe events and where erosion, overtopping, or breaching occurs.","How would the loss of marsh width and dune continuity affect inundation risk, and what risk remains with the natural features intact?","Reducing the marsh and breaking up the dune increases inundation risk by weakening natural wave attenuation and removing parts of the shoreline barrier.","Even with the marsh and dune intact, sufficiently high water, wave run-up, erosion, or breaching can carry water inland. Their protective effect can also vary with condition and storm intensity.","A settled coastal reach is fronted by a broad vegetated marsh and a continuous low dune ridge. During a storm, the marsh and dune remain in place, and the surge and tide conditions are held constant.","Vegetated marsh can dissipate wave energy, while a dune ridge can impede overland flow. Narrowing the marsh and lowering or fragmenting the dune reduces these functions; neither feature guarantees protection under all storm conditions.","Under the same storm and tide conditions, the marsh has been substantially narrowed and the dune ridge lowered and fragmented, leaving less natural shoreline protection.","The intact marsh and dune can reduce wave energy and slow or limit some overland flow, lowering the likelihood or extent of inland inundation compared with a less protective shoreline.","With less marsh and a lower, fragmented dune, waves and surge have less natural attenuation and more direct pathways inland, increasing the potential for overwash and flooding.",{"id":667,"relate_table":653,"relate_id":668,"file_size":573,"file_name":8,"path":8,"duration":573,"cate":483,"file_format":8,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":669,"cate_name":656,"answer":670,"question":671,"risk_change":672,"residual_risk":673,"baseline_scenario":674,"causal_explanation":675,"counterfactual_scenario":676,"baseline_inundation_risk":677,"counterfactual_inundation_risk":678},14653,143719769,"{\"answer\": \"Compared with normal operation, a gate stuck open gives high-tide seawater a direct route into the drainage channel and raises inundation risk for connected low-lying areas. A functioning gate reduces that backflow, but residual risk remains from extreme water levels, leakage or failure, and rainfall that cannot drain while the gate is closed.\", \"question\": \"How does the stuck-open gate change inundation risk compared with normal operation, and what risk remains when the gate works as intended?\", \"risk_change\": \"The stuck-open condition increases tidal backflow risk. Normal gate operation reduces this pathway but leaves other flood pathways and operational limitations.\", \"residual_risk\": \"A functioning gate cannot eliminate flooding from unusually high water levels, leakage or mechanical failure. While closed, it may also limit outflow from rainfall until the tide falls.\", \"baseline_scenario\": \"A coastal neighborhood has a tidal gate at the mouth of its drainage channel. The gate closes during high tide to limit seawater entering the channel and opens as the tide falls; the surrounding drainage system and storm conditions are unchanged.\", \"causal_explanation\": \"The gate reduces coastal inflow by closing against the high tide and permits drainage when conditions allow it to open. Its effectiveness depends on reliable operation and suitable timing; it does not independently manage rainfall or all sources of high water.\", \"counterfactual_scenario\": \"During the same high tide and storm, the tidal gate is stuck open, allowing seawater to move freely into the drainage channel.\", \"baseline_inundation_risk\": \"With the gate operating normally, high-tide seawater is kept out of the drainage channel, reducing the risk of tidal backflow into connected low-lying areas.\", \"counterfactual_inundation_risk\": \"With the gate stuck open, seawater can travel inland through the channel during high tide, increasing the chance of flooding in connected low-lying areas.\"}","Compared with normal operation, a gate stuck open gives high-tide seawater a direct route into the drainage channel and raises inundation risk for connected low-lying areas. A functioning gate reduces that backflow, but residual risk remains from extreme water levels, leakage or failure, and rainfall that cannot drain while the gate is closed.","How does the stuck-open gate change inundation risk compared with normal operation, and what risk remains when the gate works as intended?","The stuck-open condition increases tidal backflow risk. Normal gate operation reduces this pathway but leaves other flood pathways and operational limitations.","A functioning gate cannot eliminate flooding from unusually high water levels, leakage or mechanical failure. While closed, it may also limit outflow from rainfall until the tide falls.","A coastal neighborhood has a tidal gate at the mouth of its drainage channel. The gate closes during high tide to limit seawater entering the channel and opens as the tide falls; the surrounding drainage system and storm conditions are unchanged.","The gate reduces coastal inflow by closing against the high tide and permits drainage when conditions allow it to open. Its effectiveness depends on reliable operation and suitable timing; it does not independently manage rainfall or all sources of high water.","During the same high tide and storm, the tidal gate is stuck open, allowing seawater to move freely into the drainage channel.","With the gate operating normally, high-tide seawater is kept out of the drainage channel, reducing the risk of tidal backflow into connected low-lying areas.","With the gate stuck open, seawater can travel inland through the channel during high tide, increasing the chance of flooding in connected low-lying areas.",{"id":680,"relate_table":653,"relate_id":681,"file_size":573,"file_name":8,"path":8,"duration":573,"cate":483,"file_format":8,"audio_rate":8,"audio_channel":522,"audio_bit_depth":522,"quality":8,"annotation":682,"cate_name":656,"answer":683,"question":684,"risk_change":685,"residual_risk":686,"baseline_scenario":687,"causal_explanation":688,"counterfactual_scenario":689,"baseline_inundation_risk":690,"counterfactual_inundation_risk":691},14652,1594845263,"{\"answer\": \"Under the stated conditions, the district faces greater inundation risk without the levee because surge water has an unobstructed path inland. With the levee intact and not overtopped, direct surge flooding is less likely. Residual risk remains from overtopping, structural failure, rainfall, and drainage limitations.\", \"question\": \"How would inundation risk differ if the levee were absent, and what risk would remain with the levee in place?\", \"risk_change\": \"Removing the levee increases the likelihood of direct coastal inundation. The protection lowers, but does not eliminate, the baseline risk.\", \"residual_risk\": \"Even with the levee, flooding remains possible if water overtops or breaches it, or if rainfall and drainage problems cause water to accumulate behind it.\", \"baseline_scenario\": \"A low-lying coastal district is protected by a maintained levee with no known openings. During a high-tide storm surge, water levels remain below the levee crest, and the event conditions are otherwise unchanged.\", \"causal_explanation\": \"The levee acts as a physical barrier to incoming surge. Its benefit depends on water levels staying within its design capacity and on the structure being maintained; it does not prevent flooding from every source.\", \"counterfactual_scenario\": \"The same district experiences the same high-tide storm surge, but the levee is absent.\", \"baseline_inundation_risk\": \"In the baseline, the levee reduces the likelihood of direct surge flooding across the protected district while water remains below its crest and the structure remains intact.\", \"counterfactual_inundation_risk\": \"Without the levee, surge water can enter the low-lying district directly, making inundation more likely and potentially affecting a wider area.\"}","Under the stated conditions, the district faces greater inundation risk without the levee because surge water has an unobstructed path inland. With the levee intact and not overtopped, direct surge flooding is less likely. Residual risk remains from overtopping, structural failure, rainfall, and drainage limitations.","How would inundation risk differ if the levee were absent, and what risk would remain with the levee in place?","Removing the levee increases the likelihood of direct coastal inundation. The protection lowers, but does not eliminate, the baseline risk.","Even with the levee, flooding remains possible if water overtops or breaches it, or if rainfall and drainage problems cause water to accumulate behind it.","A low-lying coastal district is protected by a maintained levee with no known openings. During a high-tide storm surge, water levels remain below the levee crest, and the event conditions are otherwise unchanged.","The levee acts as a physical barrier to incoming surge. Its benefit depends on water levels staying within its design capacity and on the structure being maintained; it does not prevent flooding from every source.","The same district experiences the same high-tide storm surge, but the levee is absent.","In the baseline, the levee reduces the likelihood of direct surge flooding across the protected district while water remains below its crest and the structure remains intact.","Without the levee, surge water can enter the low-lying district directly, making inundation more likely and potentially affecting a wider area.","{\"answer\":\"The degraded shoreline is more exposed to overwash and inland flooding because it provides less space to attenuate waves and a less continuous barrier to surge. An intact marsh and dune reduce these pathways, but residual risk remains during severe events and where erosion, overtopping, or breaching occurs.\",\"question\":\"How would the loss of marsh width and dune continuity affect inundation risk, and what risk remains with the natural features intact?\",\"risk_change\":\"Reducing the marsh and breaking up the dune increases inundation risk by weakening natural wave attenuation and removing parts of the shoreline barrier.\",\"residual_risk\":\"Even with the marsh and dune intact, sufficiently high water, wave run-up, erosion, or breaching can carry water inland. Their protective effect can also vary with condition and storm intensity.\",\"baseline_scenario\":\"A settled coastal reach is fronted by a broad vegetated marsh and a continuous low dune ridge. During a storm, the marsh and dune remain in place, and the surge and tide conditions are held constant.\",\"causal_explanation\":\"Vegetated marsh can dissipate wave energy, while a dune ridge can impede overland flow. Narrowing the marsh and lowering or fragmenting the dune reduces these functions; neither feature guarantees protection under all storm conditions.\",\"counterfactual_scenario\":\"Under the same storm and tide conditions, the marsh has been substantially narrowed and the dune ridge lowered and fragmented, leaving less natural shoreline protection.\",\"baseline_inundation_risk\":\"The intact marsh and dune can reduce wave energy and slow or limit some overland flow, lowering the likelihood or extent of inland inundation compared with a less protective shoreline.\",\"counterfactual_inundation_risk\":\"With less marsh and a lower, fragmented dune, waves and surge have less natural attenuation and more direct pathways inland, increasing the potential for overwash and flooding.\"}","MOBIUSI INC","https:\u002F\u002Fstatic.mobiusi.com\u002Fmobiwusi\u002F20250829\u002F7bf4ac62b4533e2b809998a6f1c5491e.png?Expires=1792463130&OSSAccessKeyId=LTAI5tH8MQqhgeiAtrzCHrxM&Signature=v6Tr8jBrdm4s5wU1SnnyGsYg%2Bhw%3D&x-oss-process=image%2Fresize%2Cm_fill%2Cw_35%2Ch_35",[696,702],{"type":697,"title":698,"count_data":699},"bar","Length distribution",[700],{"name":701,"value":483},"1k lower",{"type":703,"title":704,"count_data":705},"pie","Language distribution",[706],{"name":707,"value":483},"English"]